Anti-discrimination Library

 

Discrimination; Religion

In this case, the ACHPR found that expulsion from Guinea of Sierra Leonean refugees, inasmuch as mass deportation, which has to be understood as aimed at national, racial, ethnic or religious group, amounts to violation of Art 2 of the African Charter of Human and Peoples' Rights.

AHRLR 84 (2001)

In this case, the ACHPR founded that the expulsion from Rwanda of Burundi nationals who had been refugees in Rwanda for many years, owing to their alleged "subversive activities", along with mass detention, massacres, extrajudicial executions and arbitrary arrests on grounds of ethnic origin amounts to discrimination on the basis of their nationality or membership of a particular ethnic group in violation of Art 2 of the African Charter of Human and Peoples' Rights.

In this case, the African Commission on Human and People's Rights found that expulsion from Zambia of people singled out for their being of Western-African origin, inasmuch as mass deportation, which has to be understood as aimed at national, racial, ethnic or religious group, amounts to violation of Art 2 of the African Charter of Human and Peoples' Rights.

In this case, the ACHPR found that  unjustified burden imposed on Kenyan Nubuans as opposed to other Kenyans in order to acquire citizenship amounts to discrimination based on ethnic origin and religion and violates art. 2 of ACHPR.

In this case, the ACHPR found that deportation of US national from Zimbabwe amounts to unreasonable (therefore discriminatory) expulsion of non-nationals, in violation of Article 2 of ACHPR.

In this case, the African Commission on Human and People's Rights found that refusal of the Republic of Kenya to recognise the Ogiek of the Mau Forest as an indigenous people, therefore possessing a right over the land in which they were living, amounts to discrimination on grounds of ethnicity.

Law on the structure, duties and mandate of the AIHRC. For more info, see link attached.

This is a broad guide covering humanities and social science aspects of African-American life and culture. It is a selective list of reference sources on African-American Studies available in the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Library.  As a guide, it will lead the user to more extensive material in the subject area. 

The African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights is a regional court established by African countries to ensure the protection of human and peoples’ rights in Africa. It complements and reinforces the functions of the African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights.

Articles 2, 3, 12, 13, 18, 28

Article 9 prohibits discrimination, including on the grounds of race, color of skin, sex, age, religion, political beliefs, nationality, social or family origin, and disability.

Criminal Code:  Art. 50 provides for increased punishment for racist motivation. Other relevant articles include: Art. 84/a (Special part - chapter II : Crimes against the person ; section I : crimes against life committed intentionally ; Threat due to racist and xenophobic motives through the computer system) , art. 119/a and 119/b (special part - chapter II : Crimes against the person ; section VIII : criminal acts against morality and dignity ; Dissemination of racist or xenophobic materials through the computer system; Insulting due to racist or xenophobic motives through the computer system) , art. 265 ( special part - chapter VIII : crimes against the state authority ; section III : criminal acts against public order and security ; Inciting national, racial or religious hatred or conflict).

This law provides and regulates the implementation and observance of the principle of equality in relation to gender, race, color, ethnicity, language, etc. (Art. 1). Art. 3 defines "discrimination" as: any distinction, exclusion, restriction or preference based on any cause referred to in Article 1 of this Law, which has the purpose or effect of nullifying or impairing the recognition, enjoyment or exercise, on an equal footing,
of human rights and fundamental freedoms recognized in the Constitution of the Republic of Albania, the international acts ratified by the Republic of Albania and the laws in force.

Act No. 14-01 of 4 February 2014 introduced new provisions relating to the fight against discrimination to the Penal Code: Art. 295 bis 1 defines discrimination as "any distinction, exclusion, restriction or preference based on sex, race, colour, descent, national or ethnic origin or disability which has the purpose or effect of nullifying or impairing the recognition, enjoyment or exercise, on an equal footing, of human rights and fundamental freedoms in the political, economic, social, cultural or any other field of public life.” In addition, art. 295 bis 1 and 2 provides for the sanctions for perpetrators of the offence of discrimination.

Contribution from Algeria on measures and activities undertaken to combat racism in sport, in particular football.

Contribution of Algeria to the SG report in accordance with General Assembly resolution 71/195 on steps taken by States to combat intolerance, negative stereotyping, stigmatization, discrimination, incitement to violence and violence against persons, based on religion or belief.

A/HRC/RES/16/18, plan of action

The Report on Racial Profiling provides data about Switzerland and "Alliance againts Racial Profiling", about multiple evidence for a hidden structural and institutional problem. It also contains legal cases and recommendations. 

Criminal Code as of 2 November 2017. According to Art. 30, discrimination on the ground of national or ethnic origin and color, among other grounds, is an aggravating circumstance.  Art. 338 provides for the prohibition of the "crimes of discrimination", including inctiment to violence, hatred and discrimination.

The Arab Human Rights Committee (Arabic) is a treaty body established under the Arab Charter. It is responsible for monitoring States’ human rights performance, reviewing States’ reports, submitting reports to the Arab Leaguer, and interpreting the Arab Charter and It consists of seven members who are elected by member states to serve, for four years (renewable once), as independent experts. 

The Decree  provides for the coordination between the administrative units of the executive branch to develop a programme of activities under the International Decade.

Contribution from Argentina to the report of the High Commissioner on “Combating intolerance, negative stereotyping and stigmatization of, and discrimination, incitement to violence and violence against, persons based on religion or belief” pursuant to A/HRC/RES/37/38.

Contribution of Argentina to the SG report in accordance with General Assembly resolution 71/195 on steps taken by States to combat intolerance, negative stereotyping, stigmatization, discrimination, incitement to violence and violence against persons, based on religion or belief.

A/HRC/RES/16/18, plan of action

The law penalizes discrimination on the grounds of race, religion, ideological, political and other motives, economic and social conditions, as well as discriminatory propaganda.

The law establishes the National institute against discrimination, xenophobia and racism (INADI)

The law proclaims 8th November the "National Day of Afro-Argentines and Afro culture" in Argentina

General Law on Recognition and Protection of Refugees. Article 2 mentions non-discrimination.

The National Action Plan on Human Rights outlines specific actions to be carried out in order to make the Afrodescendent community visible  under the International Decade for People of African Descent (2015–2024).

Law on Freedom of Conscience and on Religious Organizations

The Department of Social Services (DSS) recognises the rich diversity of Australia’s multicultural society and the valuable contribution that people from different cultural and linguistic backgrounds make to our nation.

The text includes amendments up to 13/08/2018.

Contribution from Australia to the report of the High Commissioner on “Combating intolerance, negative stereotyping and stigmatization of, and discrimination, incitement to violence and violence against, persons based on religion or belief” pursuant to A/HRC/RES/37/38.

Multicultural Arts and Festivals Grants
Application Information Booklet

The department’s Multicultural Access and Equity Plan
2017-2019 (MAEP) provides a framework to support
commitment to multicultural access and inclusion. The Plan is informed by six commitments: leadership, responsiveness, performance, capability and openness.

Australia's National Human Rights Action Plan which includes information on legal protections from discrimination for indigenous groups, women, children and the elderly, people with disabilities, and refugees and migrants.

An Act to prohibit certain conduct involving the hatred of other people on the ground of race, colour or national or ethnic origin, and for related purposes

Act of 1986 establishing the Australian human rights commission, including amendments up to 2014

Educational report prepared by the office for the Federal Minister for Europe, Integration and Foreign Affairs which outlines the basic principles shared by Austrian society. The section on Respect for Human Dignity states that "Discrimination and racism have no place in Austria".

The Federal law on the external legal relations of Islamic religious societies" (“Islamgesetz”) of 2015 defines the rights and obligations for Islamic religious societies registered in Austria.

The NAP for Integration provides a structured platform for nation-wide cooperation of all involved stakeholders, including provincial governments, local authorities, cities, social partners and the Federation, for successful integration measures and optimise their implementation.

Article 18
Religion and state
 I. Religion in the Azerbaijan Republic is separated from state. All religions are equal before the law.
 II. Spreading and propaganda of religion (religious movements), humiliating people's dignity and contradicting the principles of humanism are prohibited.
III. [The] State educational system is secular.

Article 48
Freedom of conscience
I. Everyone enjoys the freedom of conscience.
II. Everyone has the right to define his/her attitude to religion, to profess, individually or together with others, [to profess] any religion or to profess no religion, [and] to express and spread one's beliefs concerning religion.
III. Everyone is free to carry out religious rituals, however this should not violate public order and contradict public morals.
IV. Religious beliefs and convictions do not excuse infringements of the law.
V. No one shall be forced to express (to demonstrate) his or her religious faith and belief, [and] to execute religious rituals and participate and religious ceremonies.